![]() ![]() Some narrative and systematic reviews about dairy intake and acne have been published. Several worldwide observational studies have been published on dairy intake and acne in children, adolescents, and young adults (7–30 years) in various countries. IGF-1 gene polymorphism has been shown to increase susceptibility to acne and IGF-1 plasma levels correlate with acne severity. IGF-1 has been suggested as the pivotal driver of acne and stimulates follicular epithelial growth and keratinization. Milk-derived amino acids promote insulin secretion and induce hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) synthesis. In particular, dairy products have been incriminated. This has predominantly been investigated in observational studies and only a few trials exist. It has long been debated if a Western diet per se or specific dietary components contribute to the prevalence and severity of acne. Heritability of acne alone does not explain high acne prevalence rates of over 80% in western countries. ![]() Although prevalence varies across studies, acne is common in children and adolescents aged 12–24 years and is moderate to severe in 15–20% of cases. Sebum production can be induced by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and androgens, whose adrenal and gonadal synthesis is stimulated by IGF-1. ![]() Follicular hyperkeratosis, modifications of the sebofollicular microbiome, increase production of sebum with increased amounts of pro-inflammatory monounsaturated fatty acids, and Th17-cell-mediated inflammatory responses are all involved in acne pathogenesis. Clinically, acne is characterized by the presence of open and closed comedones, papules, pustules, and dermal tissue damage with eventually heavy scar formation. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity and bias across studies.Īcne is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of sebaceous follicles. ![]() In conclusion, any dairy, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese, was associated with an increased OR for acne in individuals aged 7–30 years. There was publication bias ( p = 4.71 × 10 −3), and heterogeneity in the meta-analyses were explained by dairy and study characteristics. Adjusted results were attenuated and compared unadjusted. ORs per frequency of any milk intake were 1.24 (0.95–1.62) by 2–6 glasses per week, 1.41 (1.05–1.90) by 1 glass per day, and 1.43 (1.09–1.88) by ≥2 glasses per day compared to intake less than weekly. We estimated the pooled random effects odds ratio (OR) (95% CI), heterogeneity ( I 2-statistics, Q-statistics), and publication bias. A systematic literature search of PubMed from inception to 11 December 2017 was performed to estimate the association of dairy intake and acne in children, adolescents, and young adults in observational studies. A meta-analysis can help inform the debate about the epidemiological evidence on dairy intake and development of acne. ![]()
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