![]() ![]() The aim of this study was to automate and validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting anti-AMDV antibodies in blood of farmed mink. From 2000 to 2012, the annual mean seroprevalence of all tested animals ranged between 3.3% and 13.6%.Ī need for an automated replacement test for the traditionally used CIEP method arose due to implementation of an eradication programme, which led to increased numbers of samples, demand for an additional labour force, and problems in the availability of the CIEP antigen. Fin Furlab (formerly Fur Animal Feed Laboratory) tests 500,000 to 600,000 samples annually for anti-AMDV antibodies. In group E, prevalence exceeds 50 positive/1000 breeding females. In groups B, C, and D, within-farm prevalence should not exceed 1, 2, and 50 positive/1000 breeding females, respectively. In group A, test prevalence must be zero. In the programme, farms are classified into 5 groups, A-E, according to AMDV seroprevalence. ![]() Control and eradication of AMDV on farms currently depend on serological screening and culling of anti-AMDV antibody-positive animals, strict sanitary measures, disinfection of cages and equipment, and introduction of replacement animals from low-risk farms. In 2005, the Finnish Fur Breeders’ Association (FFBA) implemented an eradication programme to depopulate AMDV-infected farms and reduce the overall prevalence of AMDV, and consequently, to improve the health status of animals and reduce economic losses to farmers caused by AD. Infected adult mink typically develop high concentrations of anti-AMDV antibodies, which can be detected with counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) from 5 days to 7 weeks post-infection. Susceptibility to disease persistence and progression depends on host and viral factors, and clinical disease is more severe in Aleutian genotype mink. The clinical presentation of AMDV infection varies from a non-progressive and non-persistent disease to a progressive, persistent, and potentially fatal immune complex disease (so-called classical AD). AMDV has a single-stranded DNA genome and encodes three non-structural (NS1, NS2, and NS3) and two structural proteins (VP1 and VP2). The virus belongs to the recently renamed species of Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1 of the family Parvoviridae. ![]() The automated ELISA system combined with blood comb sampling is an accurate test format for the detection of anti-AMDV antibodies in mink blood and offers several advantages, including improved blood sampling and data handling, fast sample throughput time, and reductions in costs and labour inputs.Īleutian disease (AD), a common and economically significant disease in farmed mink ( Neovison vison), is caused by Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV). Agreement between CIEP and ELISA was high, with a kappa value of 0.976 and overall proportion agreement of 98.8%. The sensitivity and specificity of the automated ELISA system were estimated to be 96.2% and 98.4%, respectively. Agreement between the two tests was assessed with kappa statistic and proportion agreement. ELISA sensitivity and specificity were estimated with a Bayesian 2-test 2-population model that allowed for conditional dependence between CIEP and ELISA. Blood and serum samples were collected from 761 mink from two farms with low (2%) and high (81%) seroprevalences of AMDV infection in 2008. MethodsĪ blood sampling method based on filter paper 12-strips (blood combs) and a device to introduce these strips to an ELISA plate for elution of the samples were developed. The aim of this study was to validate an AMDV-VP2 -recombinant antigen ELISA, which we developed earlier, in an automated assay format for the detection of anti-AMDV antibodies in mink blood and to determine the accuracy of this test compared with the reference standard (counter-current immunoelectrophoresis, CIEP). In 2005, implementation of an AMDV eradication programme in Finland created a need for an automated high-throughput assay. Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is the cause of a chronic immune complex disease, Aleutian disease (AD), which is common in mink-producing countries. ![]()
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